Nigerians are holding onto cash at an unprecedented rate, with a staggering 94 percent of the countrys currency outside the banking system.
This trend was revealed by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)’s, in its latest March, 2024 Money and Statistics data.
The figures paints a concerning picture of declining trust in the banking system and potential risks to the nations economic growth.
According to the data on the CBN website, the amount of physical money (M1) in circulation has skyrocketed compared to the previous year.
In January 2024, it stood at N3.65 trillion, more than double the N1.39 trillion recorded in January 2023. This trend continued throughout the quarter, with March 2024 reaching N3.87 trillion, a 130 percent increase from the previous year. This significant rise suggests the CBN has pumped more cash into the system, likely in response to the scarcity issues plaguing 2023.
While the CBN injects more cash, the amount held outside banks is growing even faster. January 2024 saw N3.28 trillion outside the banking system, compared to N792.18 billion just a year prior. By March 2024, this figure had ballooned to a concerning N3.63 trillion, a 150 percent increase year-on-year.
This indicates Nigerians are hoarding cash at a rate exceeding the CBNs efforts to increase circulation. This behavior can be traced back to the severe cash scarcity crisis experienced in 2023.
The CBNs flawed implementation of a naira redesign policy, intended to promote a cashless economy and combat crime, resulted in widespread disruption and a loss of trust in banks. Fear surrounding the validity of old notes and difficulty accessing cash fueled a hoarding mentality that continues to this day.
The hoarding of vast sums outside the formal banking system poses significant challenges. It hinders the smooth circulation of money, impacting liquidity and weakening the effectiveness of monetary policy. This, in turn, could lead to higher transaction costs, reduced credit availability, and ultimately, a slowdown in economic activity.
The CBN has previously acknowledged the issue, citing high volume withdrawals from banks and panic withdrawals by customers. They have also warned banks and merchants against hoarding cash.
However, despite these efforts and the suspension of fees on large cash deposits, Nigerians remain hesitant to return their money to the banking system.
